Verb (kri-yaa-pa-dva)

Verb is a part of speech consisting of a word or group of words that signify an action, condition or experience. Also, it completes the meaning of any sentence. There are two main types of verbs ( kri-yaa-pa-dve ) in Marathi: sa-ka-R-ma-ka (transitive) and a-ka-R-ma-ka (intransitive) kri-yaa-pa-dve (verbs).

Transitive verbs (sa-ka-R-ma-ka kri-yaa-pa-dve) and Intransitive verbs (a-ka-R-ma-ka kri-yaa-pa-dve)

Let's see some examples of sa-ka-R-ma-ka (transitive) verbs in Marathi. These sa-ka-R-ma-ka kri-yaa-pa-dve (transitive verbs) always need ka-R-ma (object) to complete its meaning.

English	S(subject)	O(object)	V(verb)
Ganesh eats guava	ga-tne-sha	pe-roo	khaa-tvo
I learn Marathi	mee	ma-raa-tdhee	shi-ka-tvo
I had seen that movie	mee	tvo cinema	ba-ghi-tva-laa ho-tvaa

Lets see some examples of a-ka-R-ma-ka (intrasitive) kri-yaa-pa-dve (verbs). These are the verbs without objects (ka-R-ma), hence called a-ka-R-ma-ka . Here the prefix "a" means "without".

English	S(subject)		V(verb)
Nikhil is lazy	ni-khi-la	aa-hla-shee	aa-he
He runs fast	tvo	jxo-raa-tva	pa-hla-tvo
She will come tomorrow	tvee	u-dvyaa	ye-tnaa-ra aa-he

Compound verbs (sa-N-yu-ktva kri-yaa-pa-dve) and Helping verbs (sa-haa-yya-ka kri-yaa-pa-dve)

Apart from the above two types of verbs, in Marathi, there are two more types of verbs: compound verbs ( sa-N-yu-ktva kri-yaa-pa-dve ) and helping verbs ( sa-haa-yya-ka kri-yaa-pa-dve ). Let's walk thorugh an example to understand these two types.

Read the following sentence carefully and especially the last two words in the Marathi sentence:

Raju is walking on the road ( raa-ju ra-stvyaa-wa-roo-n cxhaa-la-tv aa-he )

In above sentence the word cxhaa-la-tv indicates walking action, but it does not complete the meaning of the sentence. The phrase raa-ju ra-stvyaa-wa-roo-n cxhaa-la-tv does not mean anything. That's the reason we won't call cxhaa-la-tv a verb. Such words in Marathi are known as dhaa-tvu-saa-dhi-tv . It is a word that is formed from the root word (dhaa-tvu) - chaa-la-tne . Two words - cxhaa-la-tv aa-he - together completes the meaning of the entire sentence. aa-he word helped complete the action in this sentence. That's the reason aa-he is called a helping verb ( sa-haa-yya-ka kri-yaa-pa-dve )

The combination of a dhaa-tvu-saa-dhi-tv word and a sa-haa-yya-ka kri-yaa-pa-dv that completes the meaning of the word is called compound verb - sa-N-yu-ktva kri-yaa-pa-dva So, in the sentence above, cxhaa-la-tv aa-he is a compound verb ( sa-N-yu-ktva kri-yaa-pa-dva )

Or in other words, dhaa-tvu-saa-dhi-tv + sa-haa-yya-ka kri-yaa-pa-dva = sa-N-yu-ktva kri-yaa-pa-dva

Here are some additional examples illustrating these two types of verbs.

	Marathi
English	Subject	dhaa-tvu-saa-dhi-tv	sa-haa-yya-ka kri-yaa-pa-dva	sa-N-yu-ktva kri-yaa-pa-dva
He is playing	tvo	khe-hla-tv	aa-he	khe-hla-tv aa-he
She was watching	tvee	pa-haa-tv	ho-tvee	pa-haa-tv ho-tvee
John is running	j.o-na	dhaa-wa-tv	ho-tvaa	dhaa-wa-tv ho-tvaa
I won't get it	ma-laa	mi-hla-tnaa-r	naa-hee	mi-hla-tnaa-r naa-hee

When we learn a new kri-yaa-pa-dva (verb), we realize how it changes its form based on its tense and also upon person, number and gender of the subject. Let's learn more about this in next section.